Biofertilizers (example are SR1/SR I Bio Fertilizer and Richyiel Organic Fertilizer (NPK)) contain beneficial microorganisms that promote plant growth by enhancing nutrient availability in the soil. The types of microbes commonly found in biofertilizers include:

Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria: These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form plants can absorb (ammonia or nitrates).

• Rhizobium: Forms symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, fixing nitrogen in root nodules.
• Azotobacter: Free-living nitrogen fixer, commonly found in non-leguminous crops.
• Azospirillum: Associative nitrogen fixer, commonly associated with grasses and cereals.
  
  Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria (PSB): These microbes solubilize insoluble forms of phosphate, making it available to plants.
• Bacillus and Pseudomonas: Secrete organic acids that dissolve mineral phosphates in the soil.

Potassium-solubilizing Microorganisms: These bacteria and fungi solubilize potassium-bearing minerals, making potassium more accessible to plants.

• Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger: Known for their role in potassium solubilization.

Mycorrhizal Fungi: These fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing water and nutrient uptake.

• Glomus species (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi): Help in phosphorus and other micronutrient uptake by plants through an extensive hyphal network.

Cyanobacteria: These photosynthetic bacteria, often found in biofertilizers for rice, can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

• Anabaena and Nostoc: Common cyanobacteria that contribute to nitrogen fixation in paddy fields.

Silicate Solubilizing Bacteria: These microbes help break down silicates, making silicon and other micronutrients available to plants.

• Bacillus and Rhizobium species are commonly involved in solubilizing silicate compounds.

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): These bacteria stimulate plant growth by producing phytohormones, enhancing nutrient uptake, or suppressing harmful pathogens.

• Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis: Known for their ability to suppress plant diseases and improve nutrient uptake.

These microbes work in synergy to improve nutrient cycling, enhance soil fertility, and promote overall plant health, making biofertilizers an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers.